On April 1, 2025, Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula witnessed its 11th volcanic eruption since 2021, prompting the evacuation of the coastal town of Grindavík and the renowned Blue Lagoon geothermal spa. The eruption, which began in the morning, has raised significant concerns due to its proximity to populated areas and critical infrastructure.​

Eruption Details

The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that an “earthquake swarm” commenced around 6:30 a.m. local time near the Sundhnúkur crater row, north of Grindavík. By 9:45 a.m., a fissure eruption began just beyond the town’s protective barriers, spewing lava and smoke into the sky. The fissure rapidly extended southward, reaching approximately 1,200 meters in length by midday. A second fissure subsequently opened between the town’s defenses and its residential areas, exacerbating the threat to Grindavík. ​

Evacuation Measures

In response to the eruption, authorities initiated evacuations of Grindavík’s remaining residents and tourists at the Blue Lagoon. The town, which had been largely uninhabited since a previous eruption in 2023, saw the departure of approximately 40 individuals. Despite evacuation orders, some residents reportedly chose to remain. Emergency services are on high alert, and the area has been declared hazardous due to the potential for further seismic activity and gas emissions. ​

Impact on Infrastructure

The eruption has inflicted damage on local infrastructure. The IMO received reports of a ruptured hot water pipeline in northern Grindavík, indicating significant ground movements within the town. Lava flows have breached defensive barriers designed to protect the area, and seismic activity continues to pose risks to roads and buildings. ​

Historical Context

The Reykjanes Peninsula has experienced a resurgence of volcanic activity since 2021, ending an 800-year dormancy. The current eruption is part of a series known as the “New Reykjanes Fires,” characterized by multiple fissure eruptions and significant seismic unrest. The region’s geology, marked by a transtensional rift zone with spreading rates of approximately 1.8 cm per year, contributes to its susceptibility to such volcanic events. ​

Tourism and Travel Advisory

The Blue Lagoon, a major tourist attraction, has been temporarily closed, and access to Grindavík is restricted. While the eruption has not disrupted flights, travelers are advised to monitor updates from the Icelandic authorities and exercise caution. The UK Foreign Office recommends staying informed about local conditions and potential future eruptions. ​

The April 1, 2025, eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula underscores the volatile nature of Iceland’s geological landscape. As authorities manage evacuations and monitor ongoing seismic activity, the safety of residents and visitors remains paramount. This event serves as a reminder of the dynamic forces shaping Iceland’s environment and the importance of preparedness in the face of natural disasters.​

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