As Ireland grapples with the ongoing challenges of illegal drug use, the substances dominating the nation’s drug scene in 2024 highlight evolving trends and the public health issues they create.

From cannabis and cocaine to emerging synthetic substances, here’s an in-depth look at the most commonly used illegal drugs in Ireland and their impact on communities.

1. Cannabis: The Most Widely Used Drug

Cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal drug in Ireland. According to the 2019/20 National Drug and Alcohol Survey (NDAS), nearly 24.4% of individuals aged 15–64 reported using cannabis at some point in their lives. Despite its prevalence, cannabis use continues to be linked to mental health concerns, particularly among younger users.

2. Cocaine: A Rising Concern

Cocaine use has surged in recent years, cutting across all age groups. The NDAS revealed that 4.7% of those aged 15–34 had used cocaine in the past year. This increase is reflected in treatment data, with 34% of all treatment cases in 2022 related to cocaine—a 26% rise from the previous year. The drug’s affordability and availability have made it one of Ireland’s most concerning substances.

3. Ecstasy (MDMA): Popular Among Younger Demographics

Ecstasy continues to be a favoured recreational drug, especially at parties and festivals. The Healthy Ireland Survey 2023 reported that 0.8% of respondents had used ecstasy in the past year. While popular for its euphoric effects, the drug poses significant risks, including dehydration and overdose.

4. Magic Mushrooms: Psychedelics on the Rise

The use of magic mushrooms, often considered a “natural” hallucinogen, has seen a steady increase. The same survey reported 0.8% of respondents using magic mushrooms in the past year. While viewed as less harmful than other drugs, they can still trigger anxiety and psychological distress.

5. Ketamine: Growing Recreational Use

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is gaining popularity as a recreational drug in Ireland. With 0.4% of individuals reporting use in the past year, ketamine’s potential for abuse and severe side effects, including memory loss and dependency, remains a growing concern.

6. Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Dangerous Trend

Synthetic cannabinoids, including substances like hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), are posing significant risks, especially to younger users. These substances, often found in vapes and edibles, have been linked to severe health effects, including psychosis in children as young as 13.

7. Benzodiazepines: A Deadly Crisis

Benzodiazepines, often used illegally for their sedative effects, are implicated in a rising number of drug-related deaths. Non-prescription variants like etizolam are particularly dangerous, with benzodiazepines contributing to Ireland’s 354 drug poisoning deaths in 2021.

8. Emerging Substances: Pink Cocaine and New Psychoactive Drugs

New psychoactive substances, such as “pink cocaine” (a mix of ketamine and MDMA), are gaining attention at festivals and parties. These substances are highly unpredictable and pose significant health risks, including sudden overdose.

The Public Health Response

Ireland’s health authorities, including the Health Service Executive (HSE) and the Health Research Board (HRB), are addressing these challenges through public health campaigns, increased access to treatment, and strict monitoring of drug trends. However, the complexity of emerging substances and their accessibility remains a critical challenge.

A Call for Awareness and Action

The growing diversity in Ireland’s drug scene highlights the urgent need for awareness, education, and public health interventions. While traditional drugs like cannabis and cocaine continue to dominate, the rise of synthetic cannabinoids and new psychoactive substances presents evolving risks. Addressing these challenges requires a combination of robust policy measures, community support, and public health initiatives to protect individuals and communities alike.